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History
of Constables
The Early History of Constables
Early
records indicate that the first constables were established in the
year 871 AD by King Alfred of England. The Constable was the
highest judge in the military offenses and in questions of
chivalry and honor. He was also named by the King to be the
supreme arbitrator in tilts, tournaments, and martial displays.
On June 15, 1215 the Magna Carta established
justiciaries,
constables, sheriffs or bailiffs. The Magna Carta was the
institution of due process or the law and jury system.
Constables in Colonial America
The first Constable was appointed in Plymouth Colony in
1632. During that time, the leading official was the Justice
of the Peace. The Justice of the Peace, assisted by the
Constable, was in charge of the Colony Court which was both
judiciary and legislative. The Constable enforced the orders
of colonial and county officials in both civil and criminal
matters.
Constables in Texas
While still a colony of Mexico, constables and sheriffs were first
established in Texas when Stephen F. Austin wrote and proposed
codes of criminal regulation. The Mexican government
approved these regulations and added them to the established
election by precinct for the constables.
In 1876, the Constitution of the State of Texas was adopted.
It set forth the elected office of Constable, thus the present day
Constable office was established. The Constable's term of
office is four years. Constables must be a certified peace
officer. The Constable appoints their deputies, who must
also be certified officers.
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